Prior to that, the Nicaraos had been associated with the Toltec civilization.
: 26–33 The Nicarao people were a branch of Nahuas who spoke the Nawat dialect and also came from Chiapas, around 1200 CE. The Chorotegas were Mangue language ethnic groups who had arrived in Nicaragua from what is now the Mexican state of Chiapas sometime around 800 CE. : 33 : 65Īt the end of the 15th century, western Nicaragua was inhabited by several indigenous peoples related by culture to the Mesoamerican civilizations of the Aztec and Maya, and by language to the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area. Their food came primarily from hunting and gathering, but also fishing and slash-and-burn agriculture. : 20 They had coalesced in Central America and migrated both to and from present-day northern Colombia and nearby areas. Nicaragua's central region and its Caribbean coast were inhabited by Macro-Chibchan language ethnic groups such as the Miskito, Rama, Mayangna, and Matagalpas. In later pre-Columbian times, Nicaragua's indigenous people were part of the Intermediate Area, : 33 between the Mesoamerican and Andean cultural regions, and within the influence of the Isthmo-Colombian area. Paleo-Americans first inhabited what is now known as Nicaragua as far back as 12,000 BCE. The second theory is that the country's name comes from any of the following Nahuatl words: nic-anahuac, which meant " Anahuac reached this far", or "the Nahuas came this far", or "those who come from Anahuac came this far" nican-nahua, which meant "here are the Nahuas" or nic-atl-nahuac, which meant "here by the water" or "surrounded by water". However, as of 2002, it was determined that the cacique's real name was Macuilmiquiztli, which meant "Five Deaths" in the Nahuatl language, rather than Nicarao.
This theory holds that the name Nicaragua was formed from Nicarao and agua (Spanish for "water"), to reference the fact that there are two large lakes and several other bodies of water within the country. The first is that the name was coined by Spanish colonists based on the name Nicarao, who was the chieftain or cacique of a powerful indigenous tribe encountered by the Spanish conquistador Gil González Dávila during his entry into southwestern Nicaragua in 1522. There are two prevailing theories on how the name "Nicaragua" came to be. 2.3 Independent Nicaragua from 1821 to 1909.Nicaragua is a founding member of the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States, ALBA and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. The biological diversity, warm tropical climate and active volcanoes make Nicaragua an increasingly popular tourist destination. Known as the "land of lakes and volcanoes", Nicaragua is also home to the Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, the second-largest rainforest of the Americas. The mixture of cultural traditions has generated substantial diversity in folklore, cuisine, music, and literature, particularly the latter, given the literary contributions of Nicaraguan poets and writers such as Rubén Darío. Since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest, dictatorship, occupation and fiscal crisis, including the Nicaraguan Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the Contra War of the 1980s. It became an autonomous territory of Nicaragua in 1860 and its northernmost part was transferred to Honduras in 1960. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under British rule. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English. The multi-ethnic population of six million includes people of indigenous, European, African, and Asian heritage. Managua is the country's capital and largest city and is also the third-largest city in Central America, behind Tegucigalpa and Guatemala City. info)), is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the northwest, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest.Nicaragua ( / ˌ n ɪ k ə ˈ r ɑː ɡ w ə, - ˈ r æ ɡ-, - ɡ j u ə/ ( listen) Spanish: ( listen)), officially the Republic of Nicaragua ( Spanish: República de Nicaragua ( help
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